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This book captures Malaysia's foreign policy over the first fifty years and beyond since the date of the country's formal independence in 1957. The author provides "macro-historical" narratives of foreign policy practices and outcomes over distinct time periods under the tenures of the five prime ministers. One chapter delves into relations with immediate neighbouring states and another chapter analyses the political economy of foreign policy. A postscript deals with the transition of foreign policy beyond the fifth decade. The concluding chapter suggests that Malaysian middlepowermanship has been in the making in foreign policy practice being particularly evident since the Mahathir years. Employing a critical-constructivist approach throughout the study, the author posits that foreign policy should be appreciated as outcomes of socio-political-economic processes embedded within a Malaysian political culture. In terms of broad policy orientations, Malaysian foreign policy over five decades has navigated over the terrains of neutralism, regionalism, globalization and Islamism. However, the critical engagement of civil society in foreign policy construction remains a formidable challenge.

Islamic fundamentalism -- Malaysia. --- Malaysia -- Foreign relations. --- Malaysia -- Politics and government -- 20th century. --- Malaysia -- Politics and government -- 21st century. --- Neutrality -- Malaysia. --- Malaysia --- Politics and government. --- Foreign relations.

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Mining industry --- non-ferro-metalen --- natuurlijke grondstoffen --- Malaysia

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Most of the chapters in this volume were first presented at the Penang Outlook Forum 2009, held on 1-2 June 2009 at the E&O Hotel in Penang. A few others have been added to complement those at the conference. At present, comprehensive and authoritative studies on Penang's current economic conditions are a rarity. This book is thus an effort to correct that lack. Evidence does suggest that the state had not been doing well in the first half of the first decade of the new millennium. Being a small state situated relatively far away from the administrative capital of Putrajaya, Penang has to be economically innovative if it is to regain its place at the forefront of Malaysian development. The relationship between the state and the federal government remains a vital matter.

Pulau Pinang --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Pulau Pinang (Malaysia : State) --- Pinang Island (Pulau Pinang, Malaysia) --- Economic policy.

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Enough time has passed, and enough key events have taken place for the contours of the administration of Malaysian Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak to be apparent. While it has flirted openly with reforms, and has used phrases otherwise used by the opposition, its sincerity - and its capability - is still in doubt. More that that, it is not as yet clear how convinced the government actually is about of the need for institutional reforms, especially when the institutions in need of reform include the police, the anti-corruption agency, the judiciary and the dominant party, UMNO. With a new coalition opposing him in parliament, Najib comes to power wedged between his own coalition's aged traditions and the restive spirit of the times. Whether he can squeeze his way into a comfortable spot and stay in power is the question the coming years will answer.

Malaysia -- Politics and government. --- Najib Tun Razak, Datuk. --- United Malays National Organisation. --- Political parties --- Najib Tun Razak, --- Malaysia --- Politics and government.

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Native language and ethnicity issues in Malaysian educational system.

Education and state --- Education, Bilingual --- Native language and education --- Malaysia --- Ethnic relations.